Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Investigating the pH dependent antifungal effects of butyrate on Candida albicans

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1793162

Figure Lengend Snippet: NaB acts to inhibit C. albicans growth, biofilm formation and acts as an HDAC inhibitor. C. albicans were grown for 24 h in YPD supplemented with various NaB concentrations (A) and the area under the curve (AUC) calculated as a proxy for overall growth during this time (B) . C. albicans were grown as biofilms for 24 h with NaB supplementation after cell attachment and quantified using either an XTT (C) or crystal violet (D) assay. C. albicans cells were grown to log phase and incubated with 200 mM NaB before total protein was extracted at 0 min, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, 6 h, and 24 h. Western blot analysis of extracted protein was performed to detect the change in Histone H4 acetylation and plotted relative to a Pgk1 loading control (E) . The data shown are a representative of an average of three biological repeats. The error bars display the standard deviation. A one-way ANOVA using a Tukey multiple comparison test was used to determine statistical significance, p -value < 0.05. ** p < 0.005, *** p < 0.0005, **** p < 0.00005.

Article Snippet: An anti-rabbit Histone H4 primary antibody (Biorad AHP418, 1/800 dilution) was used in conjunction with an anti-rabbit Pgk1 primary antibody (a kind gift from the lab of Prof Mick Tuite, University of Kent, 1/10000) loading control to normalise for signal intensity.

Techniques: Cell Attachment Assay, Incubation, Western Blot, Control, Standard Deviation, Comparison

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Investigating the pH dependent antifungal effects of butyrate on Candida albicans

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1793162

Figure Lengend Snippet: NaB has Set3 dependent and independent modes of action. C. albicans cells were grown to log phase and subjected to 200 mM NaB, total protein was extracted at 0 min, 15 min, and 30 min and a western blot carried out to detect changes in histone H4 acetylation relative to Pgk1 loading control (A) and . Wild type C. albicans or strains containing deletions in selected HDAC genes were grown as biofilms in the absence (B) or presence (C) of 200 mM NaB for 24 h and assessed using an XTT assay. The fold change of NaB treated/untreated biofilms as assessed by XTT reading were calculated (D) . The data shown are a representative of an average of three biological repeats. The error bars display the standard deviation. A one-way ANOVA using a Tukey multiple comparison test was used to determine statistical significance, p -value < 0.05. C. albicans wild type or Δset3 cells were grown in RPMI media at 37 °C to induce filamentation in the presence or absence of 200 mM NaB, stained with calcofluor white and images taken at 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h (E) . Cells were visualised at x100 magnification under DAPI illumination (360 nm/460 nm Ex/Em). Sale bar = 10 μm. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.005, *** p < 0.0005, **** p < 0.00005.

Article Snippet: An anti-rabbit Histone H4 primary antibody (Biorad AHP418, 1/800 dilution) was used in conjunction with an anti-rabbit Pgk1 primary antibody (a kind gift from the lab of Prof Mick Tuite, University of Kent, 1/10000) loading control to normalise for signal intensity.

Techniques: Western Blot, Control, XTT Assay, Standard Deviation, Comparison, Staining